The increasing adoption of mobile healthcare services has created new opportunities for improving access to essential health services, particularly in communities where conventional healthcare delivery is constrained by distance, cost, inadequate health personnel, and infrastructural limitations. This study examined the effects of mobile healthcare services on community health in selected communities in Enugu State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the influence of mobile clinics, telemedicine services, SMS-based health alerts, mobile health applications, service accessibility, service affordability, network quality, and community health worker support on community health outcomes. The study was anchored on Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use and the World Health Organization mobile health framework. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with a target sample of 800 respondents drawn from community members, community health workers, and health-facility personnel across Enugu North, Enugu South, Nsukka, Udi, and Nkanu West Local Government Areas. Communities were classified as urban, semi-urban, and rural to capture variations in the accessibility and utilization of mobile healthcare services. Data were collected using a structured instrument incorporating measures of mobile clinic utilization, telemedicine use, SMS health-alert use, mHealth application use, service accessibility, service affordability, health awareness, network quality, community health-worker support, reduction in health-facility visits, maternal and child health service utilization, early disease detection, and a composite Community Health Index. Descriptive statistics and appropriate multivariate techniques were proposed for examining direct, mediating, and moderating relationships among the study variables.

The findings generally indicate that greater utilization of mobile healthcare services is associated with improved accessibility to healthcare, increased affordability, enhanced health awareness, fewer unnecessary hospital visits, greater utilization of maternal and child health services, improved early detection of illnesses, and better overall community health outcomes. Respondents with greater access to combinations of mobile clinics, telemedicine, SMS health information, and mHealth applications demonstrated more favourable community health outcomes than respondents with limited utilization. Service accessibility and affordability emerged as important mechanisms through which mobile healthcare interventions could translate into improved community health. The observed pattern also suggests that reliable mobile network coverage strengthens the effectiveness of technology-enabled healthcare, while community health-worker support facilitates utilization, particularly among residents who may experience limited digital literacy or technological access. Rural and underserved communities, however, remain vulnerable to poor network connectivity, lower educational exposure, limited digital infrastructure, and reduced capacity to use advanced mobile health applications.