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VOL. 2, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Biochemical and physiological traits of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by impact of Panchagavya-based botanical formulations
Authors
Trilok Nath Rai, Kedar Nath Rai, Sanjeev Kumar Rai, Rajeev Kumar Rai, Pankaj Nautiyal
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rabi session of 2019–20 and
2020–21 at district Sultanpur to evaluate the effect of Panchagavya and botanical
leaf extracts on physiological and biochemical traits of spinach (Spinacia
oleracea L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with
eight treatments and three replications. Foliar sprays of 3% Panchagavya and
its combinations were applied at 12 and 25 DAS. The results revealed that
Panchagavya + botanical neem leaf extract recorded significantly higher plant
height (28.03 ± 2.81 cm), leaf
area (378 ± 13.15 cm²), and
fresh yield (232.9 ± 15.26 q ha⁻¹)
compared to control (16.26 ± 1.05 cm,
260 ± 15.68 cm², and 159.6 ± 8.15 q ha⁻¹, respectively).
Similarly, biochemical parameters were also enhanced, with maximum dry matter
yield (32.74 ± 1.68 q ha⁻¹),
ascorbic acid (45.13 ± 3.16 mg 100 g⁻¹),
and chlorophyll content (7.31 ± 0.45 mg
g⁻¹) recorded under T₃, whereas the lowest values were observed in
control (18.51 ± 2.15 q ha⁻¹, 31.72 ± 2.58 mg 100 g⁻¹, and 5.50 ± 0.25 mg g⁻¹, respectively). Thus,
foliar application of Panchagavya in combination with neem leaf extract proved
most effective in improving growth, yield, and quality of spinach, offering a
sustainable and eco-friendly approach for enhancing crop productivity.
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Pages:18-23
How to cite this article:
Trilok Nath Rai, Kedar Nath Rai, Sanjeev Kumar Rai, Rajeev Kumar Rai, Pankaj Nautiyal "Biochemical and physiological traits of spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) by impact of Panchagavya-based botanical formulations". World Journal of Applied Research, Vol 2, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 18-23
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