Morphometric
analysis is a fundamental approach to understanding the hydrological behavior
and geomorphological characteristics of a river basin. This study uses
Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to
evaluate the Wainganga River sub-basin, a significant tributary in central
India, through Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission (SRTM) DEM with a 30 m spatial resolution was processed using ArcGIS
10.8 and QGIS 3.28 to extract drainage networks, watershed boundaries, and
topographic parameters. Morphometric parameters were calculated under three
categories—linear (stream order, bifurcation ratio, stream length), areal
(drainage density, texture ratio, form factor), and relief (basin relief,
relief ratio, ruggedness number). The results reveal that the Wainganga
sub-basin exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern indicative of homogeneous
lithology. The computed drainage density of 1.75 km/km² suggests moderate
permeability and surface runoff potential. High bifurcation ratios (average
4.2) indicate structural control over drainage development, while the relief
ratio of 0.016 reflects low to moderate relief energy. These findings provide
crucial insights for watershed management, flood risk assessment, and soil
conservation strategies. The integration of GIS and RS offers a cost-effective
and accurate approach for large-scale morphometric studies, enabling
better-informed river basin management in regions with limited field data
availability.
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